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Sandalwood Farming Guide
Sandalwood (Santalum album) thrives in tropical and subtropical climatic conditions, making Karnataka highly suitable for cultivation. The ideal temperature range lies between 12°C and 35°C. The tree performs best under warm conditions with adequate sunlight. Sandalwood requires 600–1600 mm annual rainfall. Bright sunlight is critical. Ideal soils are red loamy soils with good drainage and pH 6.5–7.5. Land preparation includes clearing weeds, deep ploughing, and adding organic matter. Standard pits of 45cm × 45cm × 45cm should be enriched with soil and manure.
Selecting high-quality saplings is critical. Procure plants from certified nurseries. Healthy saplings should be 30–60cm tall, with strong roots and vibrant green leaves. Saplings aged 6–12 months are ideal. Avoid plants with yellowing leaves or disease symptoms. Maintain documentation and purchase records.
Sandalwood is hemiparasitic and requires host plants. Primary hosts include pigeon pea and glyricidia. Secondary hosts include neem, casuarina, and coconut. Intercropping with pulses, millets, and medicinal herbs improves income and biodiversity.
Recommended spacing models include 3m × 3m or 4m × 4m. Ensure sunlight penetration and airflow. Boundary planting improves land efficiency.
Drip irrigation is recommended. Young plants require periodic watering. Mulching conserves moisture. Organic manure cycles improve fertility. Drought management strategies should be adopted.
Common threats include spike disease, fungal infections, root rot, and stem borers. Preventive measures include neem oil sprays and regular inspections.
Sandalwood is a long-term crop. Heartwood formation begins around year 3–4. Commercial maturity occurs at 10–15 years. Harvesting requires government permission.
Expected heartwood yield ranges from 500–1000 kg per acre. Oil content typically ranges between 3% and 6%. Costs include saplings, irrigation, and maintenance. Sandalwood offers strong long-term financial returns.
